lesion location/symptoms

[carolynj]

I know some time back there was a post about the location of lesions and what symptoms each may cause. Does anyone have that post saved? I don't find it when i search.

[Waydwnsouth1]

Hello Carolyn I have the list printed out I would be happy to send you. I can scan and e-mail it if you would like if noone has it. Nice to see a fellow Baton Rougean even if it is on a MS message board.

[msimpson45]

I would like to see that post as well. Thanks.

[0485c10]

Here is one site

http://www.friendswithms.com/brain_f...ns_and_map.htm

[0485c10]

I also copied a post from 2004

I don't think posts are archived that long. I'm uncertain if i can repost what i copied into my journal?..but i'll give it a try..

It was posted by Quanite on 12/25/2004. or perhaps 12/24/2004?

Lesion Locations and Symptoms
I'm not sure if these are 100% accurate, but I thought I'd post my list of areas that can be affected, and how. I know there are still some locations missing, and I may have missed some of the things an area affects, but I hope it's enough to be helpful to some of you.

CEREBRUM - cognitive area; incldes:

Parietal Lobe - receives and evaluates sensory information. It processes information about touch, taste, blood pH, pain, pressure and temperature. Inability to discriminate between sensory stimuli. Damage can cause inability to locate and recognize parts of the body (Neglect), severe Injury: Inability to recognize self, disorientation of environment space, inability to write.

Occipital Lobe - receives and integrates visual input. Can cause loss of ability to recognize object seen in opposite field of vision, "flash of light", "stars"

Temporal Lobe - receives and evaluates auditory and olfactory (smell) input. It's also associated with abstract thought, judgement and memory. Can cause hearing deficits, aggitation, irritability, childish behavior, receptive/sensory aphasia.

Somesthetic Cortex - Receives sensory input from varius parts of the body. If the primary sensory areas aren't intact, may not be aware of stimilus or not be able to tell where it's coming from.

Somesthetic Association area - takes visual input and compares it to what you already know. Damage can make it hard to recognize familar objects or people. It also puts 'emotional value' on objects, which can account for some phobias or attractions. You tend to pay more attention to something that's familiar and you have a strong 'association' with.

Primary Motor Area - controls voluntary movement especially fine movements in the hands. It sends the messages to stimulate muscles to contract or relax.

FRONTAL LOBE - helps coordinate movement (balance and muscle coordination). Damage may result in ataxia which is a problem of muscle coordination. This can interfere with a person's ability to walk, talk, eat, and to perform other self care tasks. Can cause impairment of recent memory, inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, behavior disorders, difficulty in learning new information. Lack of inhibition (inappropriate social and/or sexual behavior). Emotional lability. "Flat" affect. Contralateral plegia, paresis. Expressive/motor aphasia.
Includes:

Premotor Area - determines which muscles must contract, in what order and to what degree, and sends the messages to the Primary Motor area. It also is involved in motivation and forethought, and helps control emotional behavior and mood. It lets people carry out complex skills and learned tasks, and affects manual dexterity. Damage can cause hesitency in performing actions that you have learned to do.

Prefrontal area - controls aggression and motivation. It's the area destroyed when a frontal lobotomy is performed, which controls aggression, but also affects personality and motivation in other areas.

Broca's Area (motor speech area) - initiates the movements needed to speak. Hesitant or distorted speech is usually from damage in this area. A word is formulated here as it will be spoken, then it sends the information to the premotor area to decide which muscles have to be used to actually speak it.

Wernicke's Area (sensory speech area) - responsible for understanding and formulating coherent speech. Problems naming objects, comprehending visual language (reading) and repeating spoken sentences can be from damage in this area. Poor word finding is caused by damage isolating this area from parietal or temporal association areas. Being able to speak fluently, but unintelligibly, or poor repetition but good comprehension, is usually caused by damage between this area and Broca's area.

BASAL GANGLIA - inhibits unwanted muscular activity and affects planning and co-ordinting movements and posture. Damage to the area can cause exaggerated or uncontrolled movements, chorea, tremors at rest and with initiation of movement, abnormal increase in muscle tone, difficulty initiating movement.

LIMBIC SYSTEM - influences emotions, responses to the emotions, motivation, mood and sensations of pain and pleasure. Can cause loss of sense of smell and loss of recent memory. Different parts of this system are:

Olfactory Cortex - smell can stimulate hunger in the hypothalamus, and the smell of pheromones bring about sexual attraction. Damage in this area can cause excessive/decreased appetite, increased/decreased sexual activity and increase/loss of fear/anger responses.

Hyppocamus - help transform information from short term to long term memory; damage can cause loss of memory.

Amygdala - mediates both inborn and acquired emotional responses. It seems to be involved in mediating both conscious and unconscious emotional feeling.

Hypothalamus - helps regulate body functions, such as temperature, water and fat metabolism, sleep, sexual activity and emotional control.

CEREBELLUM - Affects coordination and voluntary movement. Can cause tremors, nystagmus, ataxia and lack of coordination/balance. Includes:

Fluccolonodular Lobe - helps with balance

Anterior - helps with gross motor coordination

Posterior - helps with fine motor coordination

All 3 compare signals received from different areas to keep them coordinated and give smooth movements. If retraining is needed, it helps with learning new functions and getting the right muscles to respond if the actions are repeated enough times.

BRAIN STEM - Neurological functions located in the brainstem include those necessary for survival (breathing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure) and for arousal (being awake and alert). It is the pathway for all fiber tracts passing up and down from peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the highest parts of the brain. This includes:

Medulla Oblongata - primarily a relay station for the crossing of motor tracts between the spinal cord and the brain. It also contains the respiratory, vasomotor and cardiac centers, as well as many mechanisms for controlling reflex activities such as coughing, gagging, swallowing and vomiting

Midbrain - nerve pathway of the cerebral hemispheres and contains auditory and visual reflex centers

Pons - links different parts of the brain and serves as a relay station from the medulla to the higher cortical structures of the brain. It contains the respiratory center.

______________________________________________
SPINAL COLUMN

C1: blood supply to the head, pituitary gland, scalp, bones of the face, inner and middle ear, sympathetic nervous system, eyes, ears

C2: eyes, optic nerves, auditory nerves, sinuses, mastoid bones, tongue, forehead, heart

C3: cheeks, outer ear, face, bones, teeth, trifacial nerve, lungs

C4: nose, lips, mouth, Eustachian tube, mucus membranes, lungs

C5: vocal cords, neck glands, pharynx

C6: neck muscles, shoulders, tonsils

C7: thyroid gland, bursa in the shoulders, elbows, ulnar nerve

T1: arms from the elbows down, including hands, arms, wrists and fingers; esophagus and trachea, heart

T2: heart, including its valves and covering coronary arteries; lungs bronchial tubes

T3: lungs, bronchial tubes, pleura, chest, breast, heart

T4: gallbladder, common duct, heart, lungs, bronchial tubes

T5: liver, solar plexus, circulation (general), heart, esophagus, stomach

T6: stomach, esophagus, peritoneum, liver, duodenum

T7: kidneys, appendix, testes, ovaries, uterus, adrenal cortex, spleen, pancreas, large intestine

T8: spleen, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, adrenal cortex, small intestine, pyloric valve

T9: adrenal cortex, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, ovaries, uterus, small intestine

T10: kidneys, appendix, testes, ovaries, uterus, adrenal cortex, spleen, pancreas, large intestine

T11: kidneys, ureters, large intestine, urinary bladder, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, uterus, ovaries, ileocecal valve

T12: small intestine, lymph circulation, large intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, kdneys, ileocecal valve

L1: large intesine, inguinal rings, uterus

L2: appendix, abdomen, upper leg, urinary bladder

L3: sex organs, uterus, bladder, knee, prostate, large intestine

L4: prostate gland, muscles of the lower back, sciatic nerve

L5: lower legs, ankles, feet, prostate

Sacrum: hip bones, buttocks, rectum, sex organs, genitalia, urinary bladder, ureter, prostate

Sacral Plexus: Forms the sciatic as well as other nerves that go to muscles, joints and other structures of the legs, knees, ankles, feet and toes

Coccyx: rectum, anus
__________________
Cindy

[0485c10]

Brain Map

This is a site that shows where all the lobes are in the brain. it also lists what each lobe does.

remember though that the brain is highly plastic and can route around damage--its what happens to car accident victims who have phenomenal recoveries not thought possible at first but their brain was able to route around damage areas to maintain function.

for us in ms it means there has never been a 1 to 1 tie between lesion location and what the lesion will do. a lesion could form somewhere, for a while the person is affected then the brain routes around the lesion and the person isn't affected as much. maybe a slightly slower response time the brain needs to re route signals.

same thing in the opposite direction a lesion could form and something totally unexpected could be affected. the new lesion would have interrupted the re circuiting from a past lesion...so a 1 to 1 map has never been established for MS brain lesions and symptoms. MS spine lesions are not plastic like the brain and 1 to 1 correlations between spine lesions and symptoms have been established. a spine lesion can affect anything below it.

link to diagram showing brain lobes.
http://www.neuroskills.com/brain.shtml

[carolynj]

Thanks for the responses everyone.

Waydwnsouth1 - Baton Rouge! I've never seen anyone else from BR on this site! I'm like you - I want to say good to see you here but that just seems wrong!! so ....